In June 2006, the South African paleontologist Lee Burger discovered a great amount of unusual fossilized human remains in two caves on the Palau Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The size of these humans was similar to the so-called hobbit of the island of Flores (Indonesia), discovered in 2003. The Palau bones point that these traits are caused by insular dwarfism, occurring in many mammal species in small island environment. Palau has no native terrestrial mammals and large reptiles that those first inhabitants could have hunted. The extremely small size of the first Palauans must have been due to the limited food items, tropical climate and lack of predators, a small founding gene pool and isolation. Archaeological remains point that fishing started in the area 1700 years ago, when Polynesians colonized Palau. The cause of the disappearance of the Palau Pygmies, who have occupied the island during about 1500 years, remains still unknown. Could it be that a Tsunami has been the the cause of their extinction, as this video clip suggests?